Shahriar Lahouti
11 October 2026, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Arterial vs. Venous Waveform Venous Waveform Framework Doppler Study of Veins Normal Venous Doppler Pattern Abnormal Venous Doppler Indices VExUS For Venous...
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Foundations of Doppler Ultrasound in Emergency and Critical Care
15 September 2026, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Essentials Basic Concept Spectral Doppler Display PWD vs. CWD Envelope Shape & Physiology Spectral Doppler Terminology Waveform Descriptors Color Doppler...
Septic Cardiomyopathy
31 July 2025 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer-reviewed by Abdolghader Pakniyat. CONTENTS Introduction Case scenario Definition Pathophysiology Diagnosis Clinical features Differential diagnosis Diagnostic evaluation...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Ultrasound
12 June 2026 via Shahriar Lahouti. Peer-reviewed by Mojtaba Chardoli. CONTENTS Preface Essentials for GI US Anatomy Scanning Technique Correlated US findings of bowel wall histology Key Sonographic Parameters for...
Beyond the Four Categories: A Unified Hemodynamic Framework for the Complex Shock Patient
21 June 2026 by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface ⚡️Rapid Review Physiology of Circulation Physiology of Shock 🚨Conceptual Framework of Shock 1. The Pressure Vector mental model 2. The 4 Interface model Mapping Forward...
Hemodynamic Insight #1: What Are We Really Measuring?
3 August 2025 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer-reviewed by Abdolghader Pakniyat. CONTENTS Introduction Cardiovascular system Anatomic backbone Overview of Circulatory Failure Spectrum of shock Core Feature of Shock Hemodynamic...
Echocardiography In The Contemporary Hemodynamic Monitoring
5 September 2023 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer-reviewed by Mojtaba Chardoli. Last update 16 July 2025. CONTENTS Preface Anatomic backbone End-organ injury Hemodynamic monitoring Tool kit Effective monitoring Hemodynamic...
Magnesium Disorders: A Rapid Review for the Emergency Department
25 July 2025, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Basics Physiology of Mg homeostasis Interpreting Serum Mg Level Hypomagnemia Definition & Epidemiology Causes Clinical manifestation Associated Electrolytes...
Undifferentiated Shock: Approach to Diagnosis and Stabilization in ED.
1 December 2022, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last updated 3 August 2025. CONTENTS Preface General consideration Diagnosis Stages of shock Severity of illness Epidemiology and causes of shock Investigating the cause of...
Atrial Fibrillation in Critically ill Patients: Innocent Bystander or Criminal?
November 14, 2021, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 18 July 2026. CONTENTS Introduction with a case Definition and Diagnosis of AF New onset of AF (NOAF) in critical illness Hemodynamic impact of AF Etiology of New...
Evaluation and Management of Bradycardia In The Emergency Department
8 May 2025, by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer reviewed by Abdolghder Pakniyat. CONTENTS Preface Practical aspect Clinical manifestation Etiology General evaluation Overview of management principles and Treatment lines ECG...
Hypertensive Emergency
Jan, 25, 2022 via Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 20 July 2026. CONTENTS Preface Case scenario Background Mean arterial pressure Hypertension- definition Pathophysiology Approach to hypertensive emergencies Algorithm...