Dr. Abdolghder Pakniyat
Shahriar Lahouti
16 May 2025, by Abdolghder Pakniyat. Peer reviewed by Shahriar Lahouti. Diverticulitis is a condition where small pouches (diverticula) that can form in the lining of the digestive system, most commonly in the large...
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Cardiac Tamponade
12 July 2020 by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update May 12, 2025. CONTENTS Preface Anatomy of Pericardium Physiology of tamponade Spectrum of Tamponade Severity Causes Clinical Presentation Tempo Clinical symptoms Physical...
Evaluation and Management of Bradycardia In The Emergency Department
8 May 2025, by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer reviewed by Abdolghder Pakniyat. CONTENTS Preface Practical aspect Clinical manifestation Etiology General evaluation Overview of management principles and Treatment lines ECG...
Noninvasive Respiratory Support in Acute Care Setting
18 December 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Introduction Physiologic effects High-Flow Oxygen Therapy Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) Choosing noninvasive respiratory support General principles...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Presenting with Alkalosis
25 November 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. Introduction Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus and usually presents with acidotic pH. However, the mixed acid-base...
Acid-Base Disorders in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Approach
20 November 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Meaning of Acid-Base Acid-base balance Traditional model Stewart model Strong Ions Difference (SID) Weak Acids PCO2 Approach to Acid-Base Disorders Overview of a...
Toxic Alcohol Poisoning
14 September 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Pathophysiology Clinical findings Laboratory findings Metabolic acidosis Anion gap elevation Lactate & lactate gap Osmolar gap Differential diagnosis...
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Poisoning
6 September 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Pharmacokinetic & toxicokinetic Pathophysiology Risk factors for hepatotoxicity Clinical manifestation Clinical course Differential diagnosis Diagnosis History...
Salicylate Toxicity: Management of Salicylate-Poisoned Patients in ED.
27 August, 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Background & epidemiology Pharmacokinetics Toxicokinetics Clinical manifestation Acute toxicity in adult Acid-base disturbances Chronic toxicity in adult...
Critical Poisoning: A General Approach To Management Of Intoxication In Adults
August 18, 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Diagnosis History & physicals Toxidrome Investigation Resuscitation General principles Airway management Neurologic toxicity Obtundation Agitation Seizure...
Sodium Channel Blocker Toxicity
July 11, 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Pathophysiology Agents Approach to diagnosis and treatment Clinical features Evaluation History and physical exams Initial investigation ECG findings Terminal right...
Nausea and Vomiting In The Emergency Department
June 27, 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Pathophysiology Differential diagnosis Evaluation History, physical exam Labs & Imaging Complications Treatment Principles Antiemetics drugs Adverse effects...