Shahriar Lahouti
July 11, 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 15 September 2025. CONTENTS Preface Pathophysiology Agents Approach to diagnosis and treatment Clinical features Evaluation History and physical exams Initial...
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Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Shifting Paradigm
9 Jan 2022 via Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 30 August 2025. CONTENTS Preface Anatomy of infarction Definition Myocardial Injury vs. Myocardial Infarction (MI) Pathophysiologic classification of MI...
Resuscitation Mindfulness: A Foundational Skill for the Emergency Physician
5 August 2025, by Abdolghader Pakniyat. Peer-reviewed by Shahriar Lahouti. Introduction: Setting the Scene Imagine it’s midnight, and you’re deep into a bustling shift in the Emergency Department (ED)...
Dr. Abdolghder Pakniyat
Making the Call: When VBG Is Enough — and When to Go ABG
24 May 2025, by Abdolghader Pakniyat, peer reviewed by Dr. Shahriar Lahouti Why Choose VBG Over ABG? VBG is easier to obtain, less painful, and faster than arterial sampling. In addition, it significantly reduces the...
Acute Diverticulitis: Step-by-Step Emergency Department Practice Essentials
16 May 2025, by Abdolghder Pakniyat. Peer reviewed by Shahriar Lahouti. Diverticulitis is a condition where small pouches (diverticula) that can form in the lining of the digestive system, most commonly in the large...
Cardiac Tamponade
12 July 2020 by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update May 12, 2025. CONTENTS Preface Anatomy of Pericardium Physiology of tamponade Spectrum of Tamponade Severity Causes Clinical Presentation Tempo Clinical symptoms Physical...
Noninvasive Respiratory Support in Acute Care Setting
18 December 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Introduction Physiologic effects High-Flow Oxygen Therapy Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) Choosing noninvasive respiratory support General principles...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Presenting with Alkalosis
25 November 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. Introduction Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus and usually presents with acidotic pH. However, the mixed acid-base...
Acid-Base Disorders in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Approach
20 November 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Meaning of Acid-Base Acid-base balance Traditional model Stewart model Strong Ions Difference (SID) Weak Acids PCO2 Approach to Acid-Base Disorders Overview of a...
Toxic Alcohol Poisoning
14 September 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Pathophysiology Clinical findings Laboratory findings Metabolic acidosis Anion gap elevation Lactate & lactate gap Osmolar gap Differential diagnosis...
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Poisoning
6 September 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Pharmacokinetic & toxicokinetic Pathophysiology Risk factors for hepatotoxicity Clinical manifestation Clinical course Differential diagnosis Diagnosis History...
Salicylate Toxicity: Management of Salicylate-Poisoned Patients in ED.
27 August, 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Background & epidemiology Pharmacokinetics Toxicokinetics Clinical manifestation Acute toxicity in adult Acid-base disturbances Chronic toxicity in adult...