Dr. Abdolghder Pakniyat
Shahriar Lahouti
5 August 2025, by Abdolghader Pakniyat. Peer-reviewed by Shahriar Lahouti. Introduction: Setting the Scene Imagine it’s midnight, and you’re deep into a bustling shift in the Emergency Department (ED)...
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Septic Cardiomyopathy
31 July 2025 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer-reviewed by Abdolghader Pakniyat. CONTENTS Introduction Case scenario Definition Pathophysiology Diagnosis Clinical features Differential diagnosis Diagnostic evaluation...
Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Management of Massive and Submassive Pulmonary Embolism
October 24, 2020, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update July 19, 2025. CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Clinical presentation Diagnosis Differential diagnosis Critical signs & symptoms Unstable PE PE in cardiac arrest ...
Hemodynamic Insight #1: What Are We Really Measuring?
3 August 2025 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer-reviewed by Abdolghader Pakniyat. CONTENTS Introduction Cardiovascular system Anatomic backbone Overview of Circulatory Failure Hemodynamic assessment Multimodal Toolkit...
Undifferentiated Shock: Approach to Diagnosis and Stabilization in ED.
1 December 2022, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 3 August 2025. CONTENTS Preface General consideration Diagnosis Stages of shock Severity of illness Epidemiology and causes of shock Investigating the cause of...
Echocardiography In The Contemporary Hemodynamic Monitoring
5 September 2023 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer-reviewed by Mojtaba Chardoli. Last update 16 July 2025. CONTENTS Preface Anatomic backbone End-organ injury Hemodynamic monitoring Tool kit Effective monitoring Hemodynamic...
Sepsis and Septic Shock: An Emergency Medicine-Focused Review.
3 January 2023, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 31 July 2025. CONTENTS Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology Organ-specific effect of sepsis Clinical presentation Signs and symptoms of infection Signs of end-organ...
Making the Call: When VBG Is Enough — and When to Go ABG
24 May 2025, by Abdolghader Pakniyat, peer reviewed by Dr. Shahriar Lahouti Why Choose VBG Over ABG? VBG is easier to obtain, less painful, and faster than arterial sampling. In addition, it significantly reduces the...
Acute Diverticulitis: Step-by-Step Emergency Department Practice Essentials
16 May 2025, by Abdolghder Pakniyat. Peer reviewed by Shahriar Lahouti. Diverticulitis is a condition where small pouches (diverticula) that can form in the lining of the digestive system, most commonly in the large...
Cardiac Tamponade
12 July 2020 by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update May 12, 2025. CONTENTS Preface Anatomy of Pericardium Physiology of tamponade Spectrum of Tamponade Severity Causes Clinical Presentation Tempo Clinical symptoms Physical...
Evaluation and Management of Bradycardia In The Emergency Department
8 May 2025, by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer reviewed by Abdolghder Pakniyat. CONTENTS Preface Practical aspect Clinical manifestation Etiology General evaluation Overview of management principles and Treatment lines ECG...
Noninvasive Respiratory Support in Acute Care Setting
18 December 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Introduction Physiologic effects High-Flow Oxygen Therapy Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) Choosing noninvasive respiratory support General principles...