Shahriar Lahouti
August 18, 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 15 September 2025. CONTENTS Preface Diagnosis History & physicals Toxidrome Investigation Resuscitation General principles Airway management Neurologic toxicity...
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Valvular Emergencies Part 1: Diagnosis and Management of Severe Mitral Regurgitation Made Easy!
18 December by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update 12 September 2023. CONTENTS Preface Case scenario Background Scope of discussion Mitral valve apparatus Terminology Mitral regurgitation Mechanism of MR Etiology of MR...
Sodium Channel Blocker Toxicity
July 11, 2024, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 15 September 2025. CONTENTS Preface Pathophysiology Agents Approach to diagnosis and treatment Clinical features Evaluation History and physical exams Initial...
Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Shifting Paradigm
9 Jan 2022 via Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 30 August 2025. CONTENTS Preface Anatomy of infarction Definition Myocardial Injury vs. Myocardial Infarction (MI) Pathophysiologic classification of MI...
Resuscitation Mindfulness: A Foundational Skill for the Emergency Physician
5 August 2025, by Abdolghader Pakniyat. Peer-reviewed by Shahriar Lahouti. Introduction: Setting the Scene Imagine it’s midnight, and you’re deep into a bustling shift in the Emergency Department (ED)...
Dr. Abdolghder Pakniyat
Septic Cardiomyopathy
31 July 2025 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer-reviewed by Abdolghader Pakniyat. CONTENTS Introduction Case scenario Definition Pathophysiology Diagnosis Clinical features Differential diagnosis Diagnostic evaluation...
Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Management of Massive and Submassive Pulmonary Embolism
October 24, 2020, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update July 19, 2025. CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Clinical presentation Diagnosis Differential diagnosis Critical signs & symptoms Unstable PE PE in cardiac arrest ...
Hemodynamic Insight #1: What Are We Really Measuring?
3 August 2025 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer-reviewed by Abdolghader Pakniyat. CONTENTS Introduction Cardiovascular system Anatomic backbone Overview of Circulatory Failure Hemodynamic assessment Multimodal Toolkit...
Undifferentiated Shock: Approach to Diagnosis and Stabilization in ED.
1 December 2022, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 3 August 2025. CONTENTS Preface General consideration Diagnosis Stages of shock Severity of illness Epidemiology and causes of shock Investigating the cause of...
Echocardiography In The Contemporary Hemodynamic Monitoring
5 September 2023 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer-reviewed by Mojtaba Chardoli. Last update 16 July 2025. CONTENTS Preface Anatomic backbone End-organ injury Hemodynamic monitoring Tool kit Effective monitoring Hemodynamic...
Sepsis and Septic Shock: An Emergency Medicine-Focused Review.
3 January 2023, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 31 July 2025. CONTENTS Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology Organ-specific effect of sepsis Clinical presentation Signs and symptoms of infection Signs of end-organ...
Making the Call: When VBG Is Enough — and When to Go ABG
24 May 2025, by Abdolghader Pakniyat, peer reviewed by Dr. Shahriar Lahouti Why Choose VBG Over ABG? VBG is easier to obtain, less painful, and faster than arterial sampling. In addition, it significantly reduces the...