Shahriar Lahouti
8 July 2023 by Shahriar Lahouti. Last Update 14 September 2025. CONTENTS Preface Case scenario Etiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Clinical manifestation Differential diagnosis Diagnostic evaluation Transthoracic...
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Pneumothorax In Emergency Department
25 June, 2023 by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update 1 December 2024. CONTENTS Preface Pathophysiology Epidemiology and causes Clinical presentation and diagnosis History Signs and symptoms Tension pneumothorax Diagnosis of...
Pleural Effusion In Critically ill Patients
1 June, 2023 by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Physiology of pleural fluid formation Pathophysiology of pleural effusion Clinical presentation Diagnosis Pleural ultrasound Chest CT Differential diagnosis Historical...
Adrenal Crisis: An Endocrinologic Cause of Shock State
6 May, 2023 by Shahriar Lahouti. CONTENTS Preface Physiologic background Epidemiology and causes Clinical presentation Differential diagnosis Evaluation Management Basic resuscitation Steroid Re-evaluation Prevention...
Crashing Ventilated Patients
11 April, 2023 by Shahriar Lahouti. Approach to crashing patients on mechanical ventilation There are multiple reasons for a patient to deteriorate while on mechanical ventilation. Having a systematic method of...
Mechanical Ventilation: From Bench To The Bedside Review.
January 14, 2021 by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update 1 December, 2024. CONTENTS Preface Respiratory failure Introduction to MV Physiology of Positive pressure ventilation Foundational concepts Basic ventilator parameters...
Pulseless Electrical Activity In The Emergency Department
16 March 2023 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer reviewed by Mojtaba Chardoli. CONTENTS Preface Clinical presentation Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) True PEA vs. Pseudo PEA Clinical significance Spectrum of PEA Evaluation...
Anaphylaxis & Angioedema: Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management in Emergency Department
12 November 2020 by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update 15 February 2023. CONTENTS Preface Pathophysiology Etiology Clinical findings Diagnosis Diagnosis pitfall Differential diagnosis Angioedema Treatment Therapeutic...
Secondary Brain Injury: Time Is The Brain
15 October, 2020 by Mojtaba Chardoli. Peer reviewed by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update 15 February 2023. CONTENTS Preface Cerebral physiology Intracranial pressure Cerebral blood flow Cerebral perfusion pressure Primary...
Chardoli
The Realm of Tissue Perfusion: Systemic Hypoperfusion and Congestion.
12 August 2020, by Shahriar Lahouti. Last update 1 July 2025. CONTENTS Preface Pathophysiology of Circulatory Failure Common final pathway Heterogeneity of shock Organ Congestion General Principles of Diagnosis and...
The Conundrum of Inferior Vena Cava Evaluation Revisited- Guyton at the bedside
13 September, 2020 by Shahriar Lahouti. Peer reviewed by Mojtaba Chardoli. Last update 14 February, 2023. CONTENTS Preface Anatomy Imaging 2D ultrasound IVC indices Doppler Ultrasound Basic cardiovascular physiology...
Adult Respiratory Distress: ABCs of Oxygenation and Ventilation
4 January 2021 by ShahriarLahouti. Last update 10 February 2023. CONTENTS Preface Definition and diagnostic criteria Anatomic backbone Respiratory control Work of breathing Physiologic backbone Ventilation Relevant...